FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

Installer Zone

General

PV

HVAC

How to place an order for products at Procarte wholesale?

To place an order for products at the Procarte wholesale store, customers have three convenient options:

  • Order through the e-commerce platform: The most convenient method is to use our e-commerce platform. Please visit the online wholesale store, select the products of interest, add them to your cart, and then complete the purchase process through our online ordering system. The platform allows you to track order status and purchase history.
  • Order by phone: If you prefer direct contact, our sales team is available at the provided phone number. You can place an order, ask questions about products, and arrange delivery details directly with our specialists.
  • Order via email: For customers who prefer written orders, we offer the option to place orders by email. Simply send a list of selected products along with billing details and preferred delivery method to our email address. Our sales department will then contact you to confirm the order and arrange all details.

What payment methods do we accept for PV and HVAC product orders?

In our wholesale store, we accept a variety of payment methods to provide our customers with convenience and flexibility when completing orders. Available payment options include:

  • Cash/payment card: Customers who choose to personally collect purchased products at our location can pay in cash or by payment card directly upon pickup.
  • Bank transfers: We offer payment via bank transfer. After placing an order and selecting this payment method, the customer receives an email from us containing a detailed invoice for the purchased products.
  • BLIK: For customers who value fast and secure online transactions, we provide BLIK payments. This method allows for instant payment using a code generated in the customer's mobile banking app.

What shipping options do we offer, and is it possible to personally collect purchased goods?

For customers shopping at the Procarte wholesale store, we offer a wide range of delivery options to ensure maximum convenience and flexibility.
Available shipping options include:

  • Courier shipments: We provide fast and secure delivery of products via courier companies. This option is ideal for customers
    who expect quick delivery directly to the specified address.
  • Freight companies: For larger orders requiring specialized transport, we collaborate with trusted freight companies.
    This ensures safe transportation of larger PV and heating systems, including photovoltaic modules and heat pumps.
  • Delivery by us in necessary situations/agreed with the client: We understand that situations may arise where standard delivery methods may not be sufficient. In such cases, we offer the option of organizing delivery directly by us to ensure
    that our products reach the client regardless of circumstances.

Additionally, for customers who prefer to personally collect their purchased products, we offer pickup on-site at our wholesale location,
located at Przęsłowa 4, Kielce. Personal pickup is available during our business hours – 7:00 AM to 5:00 PM on weekdays.

What are the estimated delivery times after placing an order?

The delivery times for products purchased from our wholesale store depend on product availability and the chosen shipping method. We strive to make the purchasing and delivery process as smooth and satisfying as possible for our customers.

  • If the product is in stock: Purchased products from orders placed and confirmed before 12:00 PM are typically shipped the same day. For orders placed after this time, shipping takes place on the next business day.
  • Scheduled delivery: For customers who need delivery on a specific date, we offer the option to arrange a personalized delivery schedule. This option is particularly useful for project planning or when products are required on a set date.

Is expedited delivery available for urgent orders, and are there additional costs involved?

Yes, at Procarte wholesale, we understand that some orders may be urgent, and therefore we offer an expedited delivery option for such cases. To arrange for faster delivery, please provide this information when placing your order. Our team will assist in determining the shortest possible delivery time, taking into account product availability and logistical requirements.

Is it possible to return or exchange purchased products?

Yes, at Procarte wholesale, we offer our customers the option to return or exchange purchased products. We understand that installation circumstances may change, so we aim to be flexible to meet our customers' needs. However, in some cases, returns or exchanges may not be possible, such as for products purchased on promotion, and the product must be unused and undamaged by the buyer. This means that, to qualify for a return or exchange, the product must show no signs of use and must be in a condition suitable for resale.

Do we offer technical support for installers?

Yes, we provide technical support for installers working with our wholesale store. Our specialists and advisors are ready to answer any questions related to the installation of photovoltaic systems and heat pumps and to offer necessary technical guidance. We offer comprehensive support to ensure the success of our customers in their projects.

Do we offer training in the installation, operation, and selection of photovoltaic and HVAC systems?

Yes, we offer a wide range of free training sessions dedicated to professionals in the photovoltaic and heating systems industries. Our training, conducted by industry-recognized experts, provides comprehensive knowledge on inverters, photovoltaic modules, energy storage systems, and heat pumps.

Which manufacturers do we work with as an authorized distributor of their products?

As an authorized distributor, we offer products from global leaders in the PV and HVAC industries. Our main partners are:

  • FoxESS: a global leader in the production of inverters and energy storage solutions.
  • FoxAIR: a supplier of heat pumps in various capacities for home heating and cooling.
  • Solplanet: a provider of inverters, energy storage systems, and heat pumps.
  • Canadian Solar: a manufacturer of photovoltaic modules known for their quality and efficiency.

Do we offer photovoltaic components with special parameters on request?

Yes, we offer the option to supply custom-parameter products on request. However, due to the unique nature of such orders, additional time may be required to prepare and deliver these products. We are ready to make every effort to meet the individual needs of our customers. Although custom orders can be demanding, we strive to make the delivery process as efficient and smooth as possible, minimizing any potential delays. With efficient work organization and strong cooperation with suppliers, we aim to fulfill every order, even those with non-standard specifications, in the shortest time possible.

What installation components for photovoltaic projects can you find at our wholesale store?

  • Photovoltaic modules - the key component of any photovoltaic installation, generating electricity from sunlight
  • Photovoltaic inverters - devices responsible for converting direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC), which can be used at home or fed into the grid
  • Energy storage systems - systems that store electricity, allowing it to be used when the solar panels are not generating power (e.g., at night)
  • Optimizers - devices that enhance the efficiency of individual photovoltaic modules, especially useful in shaded conditions
  • Ground structures and flat roof structures - mounting solutions adapted to various installation conditions, both on the ground and on flat roofs
  • Electrical items:
    - AC/DC distribution boxes - the primary function of AC and DC distribution boxes is to protect photovoltaic modules and inverters from surges on the AC and DC sides
    - safety devices and fire protection devices - components that ensure installation safety from overloads, short circuits, or fire
    - MC-4 connectors - standard connectors for connecting photovoltaic modules
    - solar cables / wiring - specialized cables designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, ensuring safe energy transmission
    - grounding systems - systems providing safe grounding for photovoltaic installations
  • Mounting components:
    - roof mounts, mounting clamps, profiles, bridges, mounting triangles - components for stable panel mounting on various roof types
    - Novotegra mounting systems - advanced solutions for optimal panel installation
    - adapters, connectors, stainless steel screws, bolts, nuts, and inserts - small mounting elements that ensure durability and stability of the entire structure

Which brands of photovoltaic modules do we offer?

At Procarte Wholesale, you will find photovoltaic modules from reputable brands known for their high quality and reliability. Our selection includes products from manufacturers such as Canadian Solar, JA Solar, Hyundai, and Jinko Solar.

Which brands of photovoltaic inverters do we offer to our customers?

Our range of photovoltaic inverters includes products from reputable manufacturers known for their high quality and reliability. The available brands include:

  • FoxESS
  • Solplanet
  • Huawei
  • GoodWe
  • SolarEdge

Which brands of energy storage systems are available in our assortment?

At Procarte Wholesale, we offer energy storage systems from reputable brands that ensure reliability and efficiency. Our assortment includes products from manufacturers such as:

  • FoxESS
  • Solplanet
  • Huawei
  • GoodWe

Do we offer complete kits for photovoltaic system implementation?

Yes, we provide comprehensive installation kits for photovoltaic system projects. Our specialists can assemble complete kits tailored to the specific requirements of each project. This allows us to offer our customers a complete solution package that meets their PV system installation needs.

Do we offer assistance in selecting the optimal configuration for PV systems?

Yes, we offer assistance in selecting the optimal photovoltaic system configuration. Our commercial and technical advisors are at your service to provide expert support and guidance in choosing the appropriate components and the best PV system configuration tailored to your needs and local conditions.

Photovoltaics and a heat pump: is the investment worthwhile?

Investing in a photovoltaic system integrated with a heat pump is widely considered an attractive option, offering savings on energy bills, increasing energy independence, and supporting environmental protection.

How to secure the installation in case of a power outage? Combining photovoltaics, energy storage, and a heat pump.

To ensure uninterrupted operation of heating or cooling systems even during power outages, a photovoltaic installation can be combined with an energy storage battery and a heat pump. Solar panels generate electricity that can be stored in the energy battery, allowing the heat pump to be continuously powered. This solution provides energy self-sufficiency and ensures reliable operation of the heating or cooling system, even in the event of external power loss.

New homes with a heat recovery ventilator and a heat pump: what are the benefits of combining these two systems?

Combining a heat recovery ventilator with a heat pump in new homes provides high energy efficiency, reduces heating costs, improves indoor air quality through continuous air exchange and filtration, and ensures year-round thermal comfort—all while minimizing the home's carbon footprint.

What is the difference between an on-grid inverter and a hybrid inverter?

An on-grid inverter, also known as a grid-tied inverter, enables a photovoltaic system to connect directly to the electrical grid, allowing excess generated energy to be fed back into the grid and energy to be drawn from it when needed. In contrast, a hybrid inverter combines the functions of an on-grid inverter with off-grid capabilities, allowing it to manage energy from solar panels, the grid, and store excess energy in batteries. This setup offers greater flexibility and energy independence, allowing solar energy use even during a power outage.

Which inverter should you choose for photovoltaic projects?

Choosing an inverter for photovoltaic projects should be guided by several key factors, such as the manufacturer's reputation in the market, the availability of service support in Poland, and the warranty period. All brands offered by our wholesale store, including FoxESS, Solplanet, Huawei, GoodWe ET PLUS+, and Solaredge, meet these criteria. These are reputable companies known for high-quality products that offer not only long-term service support but also extended warranties. This ensures customers can rely on the reliability and efficiency of their photovoltaic installations for many years, making these brands an excellent choice for even the most demanding projects.

How to select the right energy storage system?

Selecting the right energy storage system depends on several key factors, including energy demand, the size of the photovoltaic installation, and the user’s preference for energy independence. All energy storage solutions available in our range—FoxESS, Solplanet, Huawei, and Goodwe Lynx—are high-quality products that can significantly enhance the efficiency of solar energy use in homes or businesses. When choosing an energy storage system, it is essential to consider its capacity, efficiency, scalability, and compatibility with the existing photovoltaic system. Additionally, it’s important that the storage system includes advanced energy management features, enabling optimized consumption and maximum savings.

Is an east-west oriented installation cost-effective?

An east-west oriented photovoltaic installation can be highly cost-effective, especially when roof constraints prevent a south-facing panel setup. Panels installed in this configuration can produce energy in the morning (east) and afternoon (west), which may better match the energy usage patterns of some households or businesses. Although peak energy production might be slightly lower compared to south-facing installations, spreading energy generation across more of the day can lead to more efficient use of produced energy and increased energy self-sufficiency. Additionally, due to differences in electricity tariffs throughout the day, this setup can also provide financial benefits. Each case should be evaluated individually, considering local sunlight conditions, roof pitch, and expected energy consumption.

What is the difference between P-Type and N-Type modules?

P-Type and N-Type photovoltaic modules primarily differ in the type of silicon used, which affects their efficiency, durability, and cost. P-Type modules, made with boron-doped silicon, are currently the most common on the market due to lower production costs. They typically offer a conversion efficiency of up to about 24.5%, which is considered the upper limit for this technology. Further efficiency improvements in P-Type modules are challenging, with limited potential for significant advancements. In contrast, N-Type modules, made with phosphorus-doped silicon, currently offer around 25% efficiency and have the potential to reach efficiencies as high as 28.7%. This advantage is due to N-Type modules' lower susceptibility to light and temperature-induced degradation, which helps them maintain better performance over time. Although they are more expensive to produce and purchase, their longer lifespan and higher return on investment from better energy efficiency can be advantageous for users interested in long-term performance.

Is installation on a flat roof safe?

The foundation of safe photovoltaic panel installation on flat roofs is selecting an appropriate mounting structure tailored to the roof's characteristics and type. The market offers both invasive structures, which require mechanical attachment to the roof structure, and non-invasive solutions, such as ballast systems that do not compromise the roof’s integrity. Regardless of the chosen method, it is crucial to conduct a thorough load-bearing analysis of the roof and ensure that the mounting system is appropriately selected and installed by professionals. This approach ensures safe, long-term operation of the photovoltaic system, minimizing the risk of roof damage or unwanted shifting of the installation due to weather conditions.

Does a ground-mounted structure need to be set in concrete?

Most manufacturers allow for both concreting and piling of ground-mounted structures for photovoltaic installations. Detailed information about preferred installation methods is typically provided in product datasheets or installation manuals.

How many modules can be connected in a single string?

To determine the correct number of modules to connect in a single string, it is essential to consult the datasheets of both the inverter and the modules. Key parameters from the inverter documentation include the start voltage, maximum voltage, and nominal operating voltage. From the photovoltaic module's datasheet, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is crucial.

The sum of the open-circuit voltages of the series-connected modules must not exceed the inverter's maximum allowable voltage, and it should also be above the inverter's start voltage. This analysis allows for an accurate determination of the maximum number of modules that can be safely connected in one string, ensuring optimal system performance and avoiding the risk of exceeding permissible electrical parameters. This approach guarantees not only the safety of the installation but also its energy efficiency and reliable operation.

Do we offer assistance in selecting the optimal configuration for heating systems?

Yes, we offer professional assistance in selecting the optimal HVAC system configuration. Our team of technical advisors is at your disposal to help you choose the most efficient and cost-effective solution tailored to individual needs and the technical specifications of the facility.

Do we offer custom-order heating system components with special specifications?

Yes, our offer also includes the option to order heating system components with special specifications, tailored to the individual needs and requirements of our customers. Our personalized approach allows us to customize elements such as heat exchangers, buffer tanks, heat pumps, and other heating system components to meet specific technical requirements, such as non-standard sizes, higher pressure parameters, special construction materials, or dedicated connectors.

What brands of heat pumps do we offer to our customers?

In our offer, you will find heat pumps from the renowned brand FoxAIR, for which we are a certified distributor. This means we provide not only the full range of FoxAIR products but also professional consulting, training, and technical support in accordance with the highest quality and service standards set by the manufacturer. Additionally, our assortment includes heat pumps from the Rotenso brand, known for its innovative solutions in heating technology.

Do we offer complete kits for implementing heating systems using heat pumps?

Yes, in our wholesale store, we offer complete kits for implementing heating systems using heat pumps. You will find everything necessary to create an efficient and reliable system, from heat pumps themselves to C.O. buffer tanks, C.W.U. heat exchangers, and essential installation components such as pipes, fittings, cables, and other mounting accessories.

Do we carry both monoblock and split-type heat pumps in our assortment?

Yes, in our assortment, you will find both monoblock heat pumps (FoxAIR and Rotenso heat pumps) and split heat pumps (Rotenso heat pumps), allowing for a solution tailored to specific installation needs and customer preferences.

What CH buffer tanks and DHW heat exchangers can you find in our wholesale store?

In our wholesale store specializing in PV and hydraulic systems, we offer a wide selection of buffer tanks for central heating (CH) and heat exchangers for domestic hot water (DHW). Among the available products, we particularly recommend tanks from the OEM Energy brand, a renowned distributor of renewable energy systems. Our range includes:

- OEM CERAMIC HP enamelled tanks designed specifically for heat pumps,
- OEM HYGIENIC V2 combination tanks, which function as both a buffer and a domestic hot water heater (available with one, two, or three heat exchanger coils),
- OEM BLACK HP buffer tanks intended for use with heat pumps.

How to select a heat pump? Different selection methods

Selecting the right heat pump that matches the building specifications and user requirements is a crucial aspect when planning such an investment. This task requires every installer, salesperson, or energy auditor to approach it with the utmost care and use a multi-dimensional calculation approach to minimize the risk of error.

It is recommended to use three different calculation methods to accurately determine the required heat pump power:

- **Technical Requirements Method** – conducting an analysis according to standards related to building construction and thermal insulation for various periods.
- **Fuel Consumption Method** – estimating based on the amount of solid fuel used over the past year, such as pellets or wood, for heating spaces and domestic hot water.
- **Calculation Method Based on Programs like “Clean Air” or “EcoHome”** – determining heat losses based on detailed surveys.

After performing calculations using the above methods, it is necessary to compare the results and, based on them, select the optimal heat pump power to enable efficient and economical heating of the building.

Differences, advantages, and disadvantages of monoblock and split-type heat pumps

Monoblock and split-type heat pumps mainly differ in configuration and installation, which impacts their application, efficiency, and cost.

Monoblock Heat Pumps:

  • Advantages: easy and quick installation, lower risk of refrigerant leaks, and lower initial costs.
  • Disadvantages: limited flexibility in external unit placement, greater exposure to weather conditions, and potentially higher noise levels near residential areas.

Split-Type Heat Pumps:

  • Advantages: greater placement flexibility due to the separation of the outdoor and indoor units, the ability to place the indoor unit in an optimal location for heat distribution, and lower indoor noise levels.
  • Disadvantages: requires specialized installation, including the installation of refrigerant lines between units, higher installation costs, and potential risk of refrigerant leaks in residential spaces.

When to Install a Heat Pump vs. a Pellet Boiler: Choosing an Efficient Heating Source

Consider a Heat Pump when:

  • Space Availability: You have sufficient outdoor space for the external unit.
  • Energy Efficiency: You seek a low-operating-cost solution with high efficiency, especially suited for well-insulated buildings.
  • Environmental Concerns: You prioritize an eco-friendly energy source that minimizes CO2 emissions.
  • Heating and Cooling Needs: You need a system that provides both heating in winter and cooling in summer.
  • Financial Support: You are eligible for grants or tax incentives for renewable energy installations.

A Pellet Boiler is a good choice when:

  • Fuel Accessibility: You have easy access to pellet fuel and space for its storage.
  • Initial Costs: You have a limited budget for initial investment; pellet boilers typically cost less upfront than complete heat pump systems.
  • Replacing an Existing System: You are replacing an old heating system and want to utilize the existing infrastructure with minimal modifications.
  • Environmental Preferences: You are looking for a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels but cannot install a heat pump.
  • Self-Sufficiency: You prefer independence from electricity suppliers and want full control over fuel use and availability.

Is an Investment in Photovoltaics and a Heat Pump Profitable?

Investing in photovoltaics and a heat pump brings significant savings on energy bills, making it profitable in the long term. Economic benefits, combined with grants and tax incentives, often reduce the payback period of the investment.

Differences Between Air-Source and Ground-Source Heat Pumps

An air-source heat pump uses energy from the outside air to heat or cool and is easier to install but less efficient in extreme temperatures. A ground-source heat pump draws energy from the ground, requiring a more complex installation with vertical or horizontal collectors, yet it offers higher efficiency and stable performance regardless of weather conditions.

How much electricity will my heat pump use?

The electricity consumption of a heat pump depends on several factors, such as its energy efficiency (expressed by the COP for heating and EER for cooling), the size and thermal insulation of the building, current heating or cooling demand, as well as the temperature settings and operating mode of the device. Additionally, the climate and outdoor temperature affect the efficiency of the heat pump's performance.

How to Protect the System in Case of a Power Outage? Combining Photovoltaics, Energy Storage, and a Heat Pump

To protect the system in case of a power outage, a photovoltaic system can be combined with energy storage and a heat pump. Photovoltaics generate electricity, while the energy storage system allows it to be stored for continuous power supply to the heat pump, ensuring energy independence and maintaining heating or cooling even during a power failure.

How to Combine a Heat Pump with a Solid Fuel Boiler

Integrating a heat pump with a solid fuel boiler is an attractive solution for those seeking energy independence while maintaining user comfort. A heat pump, which requires electricity to operate, may deter those aiming for self-sufficiency. On the other hand, a solid fuel boiler, which continues to operate even during a power outage, requires regular maintenance and fuel replenishment by the user.
To combine these two systems into one efficient heating source, specific technical solutions are necessary to allow them to work together without interfering with each other. The solution is to use an intermediary component, such as a plate heat exchanger or a buffer tank with an integrated coil.

  • Plate Heat Exchanger: This device uses metal plates to transfer heat between two water circuits – the heat pump and the solid fuel boiler – without mixing them. It is known for high efficiency and resistance to changes in pressure and temperature. For optimal performance, the heat exchanger should have a capacity at least twice the output of the boiler.
  • Buffer Tank with Coil: A buffer tank allows for heat accumulation and efficient distribution. The coil within the buffer tank acts as a heat exchanger, enabling the integration of different heat sources. This setup makes the heating system more flexible and allows for effective use of available energy sources.

This configuration combines the benefits of both systems: the energy independence of the solid fuel boiler and the efficiency and user-friendliness of the heat pump. It provides a stable and efficient heating source, ideal for households looking to optimize costs and reduce environmental impact.

New Homes with a Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Ventilation: What Are the Benefits of Combining These Two Systems?

Combining a heat recovery ventilation system with a heat pump in new homes provides high energy efficiency, cost savings on heating, improved indoor air quality through continuous air exchange and filtration, and year-round thermal comfort, all while minimizing the home's carbon footprint.

What Is Required in a Heating System for a Heat Pump to Cool Efficiently?

Effective cooling with a heat pump requires appropriate cold distribution systems. One option is surface systems, such as underfloor, ceiling, or wall cooling. These systems offer high energy efficiency, but their effectiveness may be limited by the minimum allowable supply temperature to avoid condensation. An alternative is fan coil units, which, due to a variety of models (e.g., floor-mounted, ceiling-mounted), provide efficient cooling without the risk of condensation, though they require proper condensate drainage and insulation of the installation. Another option is using a water cooler in the ventilation system, which requires careful capacity selection and may lead to higher airflow resistance. It is important to consider these aspects at the design stage to optimize the cooling system. Note that traditional radiators are unsuitable for cooling in heat pump systems.

Heat Pumps in Cascade: When to Use a Cascade System and How to Install Heat Pumps in Cascade

Heat pumps in a cascade system are used when a single heat pump cannot meet the heating or cooling demands of a particular building.

When to Use a Cascade System?

  • In large commercial, industrial, or multi-family residential buildings.
  • When there is a high or fluctuating demand for heating or cooling.
  • To increase the reliability of the system.

How to Install Heat Pumps in Cascade:

  • System Design: Start by accurately calculating the heating and cooling demand, and design the system so that the capacity and number of heat pumps meet the building's requirements.
  • Heat Pump Selection: Choose heat pumps with compatible operating parameters that can work together efficiently. It is important to ensure they are compatible and allow for effective power management.
  • Installation: Install the heat pumps in a configuration that allows them to operate effectively both in parallel and independently. The system should be designed to facilitate easy switching between pumps and allow for simultaneous operation.
  • Control System: An advanced control system is essential to automatically manage pump operation based on current energy demand, optimizing the efficiency of the entire system.

How to Best Protect a Monoblock Heat Pump from Water Freezing in the System?

To protect a monoblock heat pump from water freezing in the system, several steps should be taken:

  • Pipe Insulation: Ensure good insulation of pipes carrying water between the heat pump and the building to minimize heat loss and reduce the risk of freezing.
  • Glycol Solution in the CH System: Adding an appropriate amount of glycol to the water in the system can lower the freezing point, preventing the water in the system from freezing. Glycol helps prevent ice formation within the system.
  • Anti-Freeze System: Make sure your heat pump has an anti-freeze system that automatically activates when the temperature drops below a certain level, preventing water in the system from freezing.

Anti-Freeze Valve and Emergency Power Supply are also important elements for protecting a monoblock heat pump from freezing:

  • Anti-Freeze Valves: These valves allow for a slow release of the medium from the system when its temperature drops to around 3°C, preventing ice formation in the system and protecting pipes and equipment from damage.
  • Emergency Power Supply: Providing backup power for the heat pump, such as through a generator or UPS system, can be essential for keeping the heat pump and heating system operational during power outages, especially in winter. Backup power allows the anti-freeze system to continue functioning and maintain minimum circulation temperature, preventing freezing.

R410A, R32, and R290 – Comparison of Refrigerants

R410A:

  • A mixture of two chemical components: 50% R32 and 50% R125.
  • Widely used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems, especially in newer systems.
  • Has a high coefficient of performance (COP), making it relatively energy efficient.
  • Has a low ozone depletion potential (ODP) but a high global warming potential (GWP), meaning it has a significant impact on climate change.

R32:

  • A pure refrigerant, not a blend.
  • Increasingly popular as an alternative to R410A due to its lower GWP.
  • Higher COP than R410A, meaning it is more energy efficient.
  • Easier to recover and recycle than some other refrigerants.

R290:

  • Known as propane, a pure hydrocarbon.
  • One of the most environmentally friendly refrigerants, with very low GWP and ODP.
  • Has a high heat transfer coefficient, making it highly efficient in certain applications.
  • Use may be restricted due to high flammability and the need to comply with strict safety regulations.

In summary, each of these refrigerants has specific advantages and disadvantages to consider based on the intended application, energy efficiency, environmental impact, and safety regulations.

Heat Pump Datasheet - What Do the Specifications Mean? COP, SCOP, A7/W35

  • COP (Coefficient of Performance) – Efficiency Coefficient: COP defines the energy efficiency of a heat pump in heating mode. The COP value indicates how many units of heat the heat pump produces for each unit of electricity consumed. For example, a COP of 4 means that for every 1 kW of electricity consumed, the heat pump provides 4 kW of heat.
  • SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance) – Seasonal Efficiency Coefficient: SCOP is similar to COP but accounts for changes in heat pump efficiency across different seasonal conditions throughout the year. The SCOP value provides a more accurate measure of how efficient the heat pump will be in practical, long-term use.
  • A7/W35: This designation refers to the test conditions under which the heat pump's performance was measured. "A7" indicates that the outdoor air temperature was 7°C during testing, while "W35" means the water output temperature from the heat pump was 35°C. These values help evaluate the heat pump's performance under specific, standardized conditions and are particularly useful when comparing different heat pump models.

Replacing Radiators with Modern Ones in a Heat Pump System: How to Select Radiator Size

Replacing radiators with modern ones in a heat pump system requires careful sizing to ensure efficient and economical heating. Heat pumps work most efficiently at low supply temperatures, so radiator size selection should follow several key principles:

  • Calculate the Room Heating Demand: The first step is to accurately calculate the heat loss for each room, taking into account its size, insulation, sun exposure, and other factors that affect heat demand.
  • Select Radiators with the Appropriate Output: Based on the calculated heating demand, choose radiators that can provide the required amount of heat at the lower supply temperature typical of heat pumps.
  • Use Radiators with a Larger Surface Area: Modern radiators designed to perform well at low supply temperatures often have a larger heat exchange surface area. This may mean choosing wider or taller radiators that can transfer heat more effectively into the room.
  • Consider Underfloor Heating: Where possible, consider underfloor heating as a supplement or alternative to radiators. Underfloor heating is highly effective at even lower supply temperatures and provides more even heat distribution and greater thermal comfort.

On-Off Compressor vs. Inverter Compressor: Differences, Advantages, and Disadvantages

On-Off Compressor:

  • Operating Principle: Works in an on/off mode, responding to cooling or heating demand by fully turning on or off.
  • Advantages: Simple design, easy to service.
  • Disadvantages: Greater temperature fluctuations, higher energy consumption due to frequent on/off cycles, faster wear on components, louder operation.

Inverter Compressor:

  • Operating Principle: Adjusts the heating output to meet current heating or cooling demand.
  • Advantages: Higher energy efficiency, lower energy consumption, more stable indoor temperature, quieter operation, and longer device lifespan.
  • Disadvantages: Potentially higher servicing costs.